ive traveled a lot overseas and did quite a bit of it solo. i couldn't travel with weapons and i was in foreign countries, so i focused more on NOT getting into bad situations to start with.
@mep1811 mentioned "situational awareness", which should be a priority even if you are packing. pay attention and know whats going on around you and a lot of mess can and will be avoided.
i spent some time in rio de janiero years back and was told how americans get mugged and beaten there quite often. from my experience, americans stand out in foreign countries (and here at home as well) by being loud, rude and flashy. a fellow diver at my company was in rio and he ran his mouth and got put in a hospital, others got mugged for wearing fancy watches and shoes. when i got there, i bought some cheap local shoes and a t-shirt with portuguese writing on it, so i blended in with locals. im also very tan and have always been mistaken for mexican or latino, so that was also a help being in brazil. basically, i paid attention to my surroundings and kept quiet and blended in. i got lost and ended up in some bad barios, but never had a problem because i didnt stick out as a target, a threat, or anything...just another local guy walking around.
bad people look for victims that are unaware and easily taken by surprise. i always make it a habit to always look around and if i see someone sketchy looking at me, i'll make brief eye contact to let him know im aware of him, but then look away quick enough so not to be provoking. it sounds funny, but posture also helps. stand up tall and shoulders back and look like you are walking confident and with a purpose...walking hunched over makes you look weak and easy to roll. this applies out in the wilderness as well as the city.
a lot of times, people will just be testing you. a guy wanting to take your wallet might just approach and ask for a cigarette, etc. to feel you out. thats when its good to be relaxed but keep eye contact, dont be looking away or digging in your pocket and be ready to strike the throat or eye socket if you see him coming out with a blade.
i believe that being aware of the surroundings and having the right body language can deter a lot of bad situations from happening and sometimes shit just happens and all you can do is react with whatever resources are immediately available.
and remember that fighting isn't just throwing punches. the jaw muscles are also a very strong weapon and everything is fair in battle, so do a mike tyson if needs be...if all you have available is a mouth and they have an exposed ear...bite that shit off! who needs a gun when you have incisors!
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