A Ham radio is a radio that transmits in the frequencies governed by the FCC allocated for amateur use. Access to these frequencies requires a license. There other frequencies that will hear about that are do not require a license, and some that only require a fee (no exam) to acquire a license. CB - no license anyone can use. for example. FRS requires no license, GMRS is a fee paid to the FCC and the license is good for you and your family for 10 years.
a ham license is also good for 10 years but is only issued to the individual. There are some usage exceptions that I won't get into, there are many threads here that do a much better job covering the details. But Essentially these frequencies are much more capable and are shared in some cases with emergency services so licensing and proper instruction is required. Don't let that scare you though, it sounds intimidating. IMO it's way easier than getting your drivers license.
Most are moving to ham because of capability and improved range and audio quality. One of those capabilities is APRS, yes you can transmit GPS Coordinates on specific ham radio devices. You can even create a data network if you're skilled enough. I'll try and find a detailed thread that contains this. maybe
@Chris Jones knows of one he can link?
UPDATE: I did find this thread that has some good info in it but I haven't found a consolidated summary.
https://www.overlandbound.com/forums/threads/frequency-discussion-and-education.17792/
To join the Facebook group you need to be a badged member, then simply click the link in my signature and submit your member number when prompted.