Panamint Springs>Goler Cny>Mengel Pass>Butte Valley>Badwater>Furnace Creek is doable in one day, I'd plan to be on the trail from PS by 8am if not earlier. Like mentioned above, you'd need to keep rolling and prioritize movement over sightseeing.
Just looking over your itinerary, I'm curious why you want to camp in campgrounds over back country camping? DV provides some of the best backcountry camping opportunities of any Nat. Park. Your route has many many cool opportunities for camping besides official campgrounds. Just curious...
Also to the person who asked about a 2wd on this route, if I was leading the trip, no way I would let a 2wd vehicle come along. Having a 2wd that *could* barely make it seems like inviting trouble or at the least, many potential delays to tow strap him through harder sections...just my $.02 based on having done your proposed route several times....
Congrats on such a cool birthday trip, I can't imagine a better way to turn 30...