General advice - based on our experience:
You need to estimate how long you want to drive each day, and how much time you want to spend in each place. You can then determine whether you need intermediate stops and how many. Use multiple sources of information to estimate travel times: bus timetables, blogs, fora, etc. You should also establish some average speeds - e.g. you can travel long distances in Chile on Highway 5 at high speeds – 500 Km in a day is easy; conversely, in Colombia any east-west route takes a long time because of the mountains – you can easily spend 8 hours covering only 200 Km.
Make sure you make sensible estimates and have flexibility in your plan - you want to be able to stop and enjoy places you find on the way, and not be tied to a tight itinerary.
Prepare an assessment of safety and security – figure out where you are not prepared to go and what your safety rules are (e.g. never drive at night outside cities in some countries); always have time in your plan to get to the next destination in daylight; have contingency stops in case of delays. Include rest days
Once you have a base case, post questions on details for each country.
Give the vehicle a full check before you leave - tyres, lights, fluids levels, papers, jack etc.. Then check tyres visually every day, pressures weekly , and fluid levels daily.
Make sure your papers are in order for check stops – patience and diplomacy are key at police checks.
Make sure all of your vaccinations are up to date.
Decide what you want in terms of recovery kit.
Check things you must have in the car to meet regulations (e.g.):
- Flashlight,
- Medical kit – if you have any special requirements bring them with you.
- Fire extinguisher – make sure it’s in date
- Safety vest
- Wheel chocks
- Speedbrace
Tyres – make sure the vehicle you get has wheel rims which will allow you to source tyres wherever you go (protectionism in Brazil for example makes tyre replacement difficult). Think about how many spares you want. Take a repair kit and compressor. AT tyres rather than HT.
Look at whether the the vehicle is sold everywhere (or most places) you plan to go. Don’t just look at whether the brand is represented, look at whether the vehicle is (or was) available.
Work out what spares you should carry, at a minimum you need drive belts, bulbs (remember that in many countries a dead light bulb is an offence), brake pads, tools.
Jump leads, tow cable, flashlight, gloves, duck tape, etc, etc.
Maps – you may find that maps a re difficult to find, some of the best maps are available from ITMB in Vancouver (they will mail)
GPS – use for calibration and general location rather than directions, however good GPS maps are available in many places. Even so we have found ourselves driving where the GPS says there is no road and unable to locate roads theoretically present.
Take a vehicle maintenance course for the vehicle you will use.
Verify insurance and customs requirements. Also requirements to take the vehicle through each country: you will find that many countries will issue a temporary import certificate, however you need to know. We use the “CdP” and consider this useful, however you will find many people who will say that it’s not needed. There are countries (e.g., RSA) where you must use a CdP for entry by sea.
Medical kit (not just one off the shelf – design it with the help of a professional. If not up to date on First Aid training, take a course.
Is your blood type unusual?
Figure out how to manage money
Think about how to manage photos (assuming you will take some). It is easy to take enough photos in a year to fill a 300 GB laptop. Think about how to protect the photos (e.g. cloud storage), you don’t want to lose the lot on day 364…
Communications, routine and in emergency. How will you manage these?
Make up “In Case of Emergency” cards with contact numbers, blood group etc.
Decide how to keeep your registration, annual safety check, and insurance current.
Vehicle suggestions – pick something with good ground clearance; also pick one which is easy to maintain.
Look at fuel availability – although diesel will give better mileage economy it may not be readily available everywhere so gasoline/petrol may be better.
Most importantly - Don't take things too seriously, and HAVE FUN!